句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案

句子成分

一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

常见错误分析

2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：1.play computer games does no good to us.

2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby.

3.Go home at once is his decision

4.Make more friends will do good to us.

5.I’m like computer very much.

6.The story was happening the year before last.

二．宾语：

1．动作的承受者-----动宾

请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。

I like China. （名词）

He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need? We need two. （数词）

I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式）

Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?

3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday.

常见错误分析

1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。

改错：①I am fond of play basketball.

②He’s crazy about read story books.

③I am sorry for late.

④I felt terribly sad for absent from class.

2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：①I enjoy make friends with everyone.